What do we call states that are composed of several non-contiguous pieces of territory?

States that are composed of several non-contiguous pieces of territory are referred to as fragmented states. This term highlights the characteristic of a state that is not unified in a single area but instead consists of multiple, separated land parcels. This division can arise due to geographical features such as rivers, mountains, or political boundaries.

Fragmented states often face unique challenges in terms of governance, infrastructure, and resource distribution because the separated territories might be geographically distant from each other. These challenges can influence economic development, national cohesion, and social unity within the state.

The other options such as elongated, perforated, and compact states refer to different forms of territorial organization but do not encompass the concept of multiple non-contiguous areas. Elongated states are those that are significantly longer than they are wide, which can result in challenges related to transportation and communication. Perforated states completely surround another state, creating a distinct situation wherein one state encloses the territory of another. Compact states have a more or less uniform shape, allowing for easier administration and connectivity.